Kyosuke
This is Kawaguchi Hidetoshi. This is a humble answer to the question.
It is said that “the characteristics of denominations are in one word,” but it is really difficult to simply explain the differences...
While I was thinking about answers, I remembered [Kamakura Buddhism I understand well], which was often played on Twitter and Facebook a while ago, and searched for it.
[Understanding Kamakura Buddhism]
“Let's sit and think about various things” → Rinzai sect
“Isn't it okay to just sit down?” →Soto sect
“If you recite the title, you'll be saved, right?” →Nichiren sect
“If you chant Nembutsu, you'll be saved, right?” → Jodo sect
“We've already been saved, haven't we?” → Jodo Shinshu
“More than that, why don't you dance with me?” → Jizong
I don't know who thought of it for what purpose, but when I first saw it, I laughed quite a bit at the end “Why don't you dance with me” while thinking, “Well, that's too simplified and there will be various misunderstandings...” (laughs)
The purpose of Buddhism is to aim for enlightenment, and the methodology for that purpose is often compared to differences in trailheads, routes, etc. to aim for the summit, but when it comes to explaining that difference, a considerable amount of writing is inevitable...
However, it might be a good idea to first think about phrases that you can be interested in even if they are easy to learn, as described above.
For example, I made the following in a simple, humble way, prepared for misunderstandings.
“Everyone is connected → Kegon sect”
“Everything is just a manifestation of the heart → Hosso sect”
“Oioi, let's just keep the rules → Ritsu Sect”
“Aim to warp to the goal all at once → esoteric Buddhism, Shingon Buddhism, Tendai Buddhism, etc.”
As I think about it this way, it seems like there are still a lot of phrases coming up... well, I'm not going to talk bad about it any more...
Below, I will list the addresses of sites that are relatively carefully summarized about representative denominations in Japan, so I hope you can refer to them again when you have time.
http://tobifudo.jp/newmon/etc/shuha.html
Also, I think the explanations about each denomination on Wikipedia are quite summarized and useful for getting an overview.
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/十三宗五十六派
Kawaguchi Hidetoshi Gassho